persmedРоссийский журнал персонализированной медициныRussian Journal for Personalized Medicine2782-38062782-3814ФОНД АЛМАЗОВА10.18705/2782-3806-2023-3-6-21-28FMORMXpersmed-202Research ArticleГЕНЕТИЧЕСКИЕ РИСКИ И ПРИЧИНЫ ЗАБОЛЕВАНИЙGENETIC RISKS AND CAUSES OF DISEASESГенетика и эпигенетика гестационного сахарного диабетаGenetics and epigenetics of gestational diabetes mellitusНемыкинаИ. С.NemykinaI. S.

Немыкина Ирина Сергеевна, лаборант-исследователь НИЛ метаболических заболеваний и микробиоты НИО генетических рисков и персонифицированной профилактики

ул. Аккуратова, д. 2, Санкт-Петербург, 197341

Nemykina Irina S., research assistant of Research Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases and Microbiota,Research Department of Genetic Risks and Personalized Prevention

Akkuratova str., 2, Saint Petersburg, 197341

ТкачукА. С.TkachukA. S.

Ткачук Александра Сергеевна, научный сотрудник НИЛ эндокринных заболеваний у беременных

ул. Аккуратова, д. 2, Санкт-Петербург, 197341

Tkachuk Aleksandra S., researcher of Research Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases in Pregnancy

Akkuratova str., 2, Saint Petersburg, 197341

ПоповаП. В.PopovaP. V.

Попова Полина Викторовна, к.м.н., заведующая НИЛ метаболических заболеваний и микробиоты НИО генетических рисков и персонифицированной профилактики; заведующая НИЛ эндокринных заболеваний у беременных

ул. Аккуратова, д. 2, Санкт-Петербург, 197341

Popova Polina V., MD, PhD, Head of Research Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases and Microbiota; Head of Research Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases in Pregnancy

Akkuratova str., 2, Saint Petersburg, 197341

popova_pv@almazovcentre.ruФедеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр имени В. А. Алмазова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации; Научный центр мирового уровня «Центр персонализированной медицины»РоссияAlmazov National Medical Research Centre, World-Class Research Centre for Personalized MedicineRussian FederationФедеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр имени В. А. Алмазова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации, Научный центр мирового уровня «Центр персонализированной медицины»РоссияAlmazov National Medical Research Centre, World-Class Research Centre for Personalized MedicineRussian Federation202316012024362128Copyright © Немыкина И.С., Ткачук А.С., Попова П.В., 20242024Немыкина И.С., Ткачук А.С., Попова П.В.Nemykina I.S., Tkachuk A.S., Popova P.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://persmed.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/202

Гестационный сахарный диабет (ГСД) является одним из самых частых осложнений беременности. Его распространенность ежегодно увеличивается вместе с ростом ожирения, малоподвижного образа жизни, неправильного питания, а также ростом количества беременностей, наступивших в более позднем возрасте. Известно, что ГСД сопровождается множественными осложнениями для матери и для ребенка. Исследования в области генетики и эпигенетики позволили по-новому взглянуть на патофизиологию ГСД, это открывает возможность для разработки новых стратегий для повышения эффективности диагностики, профилактики и лечения ГСД и его осложнений.

Данный обзор описывает роль генетических и эпигенетических факторов в развитии ГСД и его осложнений. В обзоре также обсуждаются вопросы сходства генетических изменений, лежащих в основе сахарного диабета 2 типа (СД2) и ГСД, которые указывают на многофакторный патогенез ГСД.

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is one of the most common complications of pregnancy. Its prevalence is increasing every year with increasing obesity, sedentary lifestyle, poor or unhealthy diet and increasing age of pregnant women. GDM is known to be accompanied by multiple short- and long-term complications for both mother and child. Research in genetics and epigenetics has provided new insights into the pathophysiology of GDM, which provides an opportunity to develop new strategies to improve the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of GDM and its complications.

This review describes the role of genetic and epigenetic factors on the risks of developing GDM and its complications. The review also discusses the similarities in the genetic changes underlying type 2 diabetes mellitus and GDM, indicating a multifactorial pathogenesis of GDM.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.