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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">persmed</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Российский журнал персонализированной медицины</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian Journal for Personalized Medicine</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2782-3806</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2782-3814</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ФОНД АЛМАЗОВА</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18705/2782-3806-2025-5-3-219-229</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">SFGWBB</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">persmed-364</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОНКОЛОГИЯ, ЛУЧЕВАЯ ТЕРАПИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ONCOLOGY, RADIATION THERAPY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Этюды иммунотерапии: опыт применения дендритных вакцин при лечении пациентов с онкологическими заболеваниями</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Studies of immunotherapy: the experience of using dendritic vaccines in the treatment of patients with cancer</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рыков</surname><given-names>М. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yu.</surname><given-names>Rykov M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Рыков Максим Юрьевич, д.м.н., доцент, иностранный член (академик) Национальной академии наук и  искусств Республики Сербия, заведующий кафедрой педиатрии; главный специалист отдела проектного и информационного сопровождения</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Rykov Maksim Yu., PhD, Associate Professor, Foreign Member (Academician) of the National Academy ofSciences and Arts of the Republic of Serbia, Head ofthe Department of Pediatrics; Chief Specialist of the Project and Information Support Department</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">wordex2006@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Российский государственный социальный университет», Москва, Россия; Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение «Центральный  научно-исследовательский институт информатизации и организации здравоохранения» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации, Москва, Россия</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian State Social University, Moscow, Russia; Central Research Institute of Informatization and Healthcare Organization, Moscow, Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>08</day><month>09</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>5</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>219</fpage><lpage>229</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Рыков М.Ю., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Рыков М.Ю.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Yu. R.M.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://persmed.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/364">https://persmed.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/364</self-uri><abstract><p>Введение. Персонализированная медицина — революционный подход к лечению, основанный на том, что генетические особенности, физиологические процессы, воздействие окружающей среды и образ жизни формируют индивидуальный профиль, который необходимо учитывать при разработке лечебной стратегии. Это особенно актуально при заболеваниях, имеющих сложный патогенез и низкую эффективность стандартных методов лечения, например, при глиомах высокой степени злокачественности. Глиомы, занимающие до 46 % всех опухолей ЦНС, представляют серьезную проблему для онкологии, поскольку пятилетняя выживаемость не превышает 10 %. Эта трагическая статистика подталкивает исследователей к поиску новых, более эффективных методов лечения. Цель исследования. Обосновать целесообразность применения клеточной иммунотерапии, а также аллогенных (донорских) иммунокомпетентных клеток, вводимых непосредственно в спинномозговую жидкость, у пациентов с рецидивами глиом. Материалы и методы. Сформирована группа из пяти пациентов в возрасте от 2 до 16 лет: у троих диагностирована анапластическая астроцитома (АА) — одна из наиболее распространенных форм глиом, у одного — мультиформная глиобластома (МГ) — наиболее агрессивная форма глиом. На момент включения в исследование у больного с МГ диагностирован третий рецидив заболевания, что свидетельствует о резистентности опухоли к предыдущим методам лечения. У пятого пациента диагностирована диффузная глиома (ДГ) ствола головного мозга, локализация которой исключала хирургическое вмешательство. Среднее время до первого рецидива у пациентов составило 12 мес. (4–16 мес.), до второго — 5 мес. (1–8 мес.). Это иллюстрирует стремительное прогрессирование болезни и критическую потребность в новых стратегиях лечения. Протокол иммунотерапии, использованный в исследовании, состоял из двух основных компонентов. Во-первых, пациентам вводили аутологичную вакцину на основе дендритных клеток (ДВ) — специализированных клеток иммунной системы, способных «представлять» опухолевые антигены Т-лимфоцитам, активируя иммунный ответ против злокачественных клеток. Использование аутологичных дендритных клеток минимизирует риск отторжения и побочных эффектов. Во-вторых, важная составляющая терапии — интратекальные/внутрижелудочковые инъекции аллогенных иммунокомпетентных клеток. Это ключевой момент исследования, поскольку введение донорских клеток напрямую в ЦНС позволяет достичь высокой концентрации иммунных клеток в области опухоли, усиливая противоопухолевый эффект. Результаты. У двух из трех пациентов с АА достигнут значительный интервал без прогрессирования заболевания — 67 и 71 мес. соответственно. Эти данные указывают на потенциально высокую эффективность применяемой комбинированной иммунотерапии. Более того, пациент с третьим рецидивом МГ, который исчерпал стандартные варианты лечения, жив без дополнительной терапии спустя 15 лет. Заключение. Поскольку полученные результаты основаны на небольшом числе пациентов, необходимы дальнейшие исследования для подтверждения эффективности и безопасности описываемого метода. Дальнейшие исследования должны быть направлены на оптимизацию протокола лечения, определение наиболее эффективных комбинаций клеток и увеличение выборки пациентов для получения более достоверных статистических данных.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Introduction. Personalized medicine is a revolutionary approach to treatment based on the fact that genetic characteristics, physiological processes, environmental influences and lifestyle form an individual profile that must be taken into account when developing a treatment strategy. This is especially true in diseases with a complex pathogenesis and low effectiveness of standard treatment methods, for example, in gliomas with a high degree of malignancy. Gliomas, which occupy up to 46 % of all tumors of the CNS, pose a serious problem for oncology. Even with the use of combination therapy, including surgery, radiation and chemotherapy, the five-year survival rate of patients remains extremely low, and does not exceed 10 %. This tragic statistic pushes researchers to search for new, more effective treatments. Aim. To substantiate the expediency of using cellular immunotherapy, as well as allogeneic (donor) immunocompetent cells injected directly into the cerebrospinal fluid in patients with recurrent gliomas. Materials and methods. A group of five patients aged 2 to 16 years was formed: three were diagnosed with anaplastic astrocytoma (AA), one of the most common forms of gliomas. One patient suffered from glioblastoma multiforme (MG), the most aggressive and fastest-growing form of glioma, and he had a third recurrence of the disease, indicating a high degree of tumor resistance to previous treatments. The fifth patient was diagnosed with diffuse glioma (DG) of the brain stem, the localization of which excluded surgical intervention. The average time to the first relapse in patients was 12 months (4–16 months), to the second — 5 months (1–8 months). This illustrates the rapid progression of the disease and the critical need for new treatment strategies. The immunotherapy protocol used in the study consisted of two main components. First, patients were given an autologous vaccine based on dendritic cells (DV), specialized cells of the immune system capable of “presenting” tumor antigens to T lymphocytes, activating the immune response against malignant cells. The use of autologous dendritic cells minimizes the risk of rejection and side effects. Secondly, intrathecal/intraventricular injections of allogeneic immunocompetent cells were an important component of therapy. This is a key point of the study, since the introduction of donor cells directly into the central nervous system allows for a high concentration of immune cells in the tumor area, enhancing the antitumor effect. Results. Two out of three AA patients achieved a significant interval without disease progression — 67 and 71 months, respectively. These data indicate a potentially high efficacy of the combined immunotherapy used. Moreover, a patient with a third MG relapse who has exhausted standard treatment options is alive without additional therapy after 15 years. Conclusion. Since the data are based on a small number of patients, further studies are needed to confirm the efficacy and safety of this method. Further research should focus on optimizing the treatment protocol, identifying the most effective cell combinations, and increasing the patient sample to obtain more reliable statistical data.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>адоптивная терапия аллогенными клетками</kwd><kwd>астроцитома</kwd><kwd>глиобластома</kwd><kwd>дендритная вакцина</kwd><kwd>иммунотерапия</kwd><kwd>персонализированная медицина</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>allogenic cell adoptive therapy</kwd><kwd>astrocytoma</kwd><kwd>dendritic vaccine</kwd><kwd>glioblastoma</kwd><kwd>immunotherapy</kwd><kwd>personalized medicine</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Louis DN, Perry A, Reifenberger G, et al. The 2016 World Health Organization Classification of Tumors of the Central Nervous System: a summary. Acta Neuropathol. 2016 Jun;131(6):803–20. 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