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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">persmed</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Российский журнал персонализированной медицины</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian Journal for Personalized Medicine</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2782-3806</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2782-3814</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ФОНД АЛМАЗОВА</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18705/2782-3806-2026-6-3-174-183</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">persmed-466</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>НЕВРОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>NEUROLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Современные представления о возможностях использования позитронно-эмиссионной томографии в диагностике когнитивных нарушений</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Positron emission tomography in the diagnosis of cognitive impairment: current evidence and perspectives</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0001-8475-6686</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Степанова</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Stepanova</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Степанова Светлана Александровна ‒ студент</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Svetlana A. Stepanova, Student of faculty of General Medicine</p><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sveta29012004@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4830-907X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Воробьев</surname><given-names>С. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vorobev</surname><given-names>S. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Воробьев Сергей Владимирович ‒ д-р мед. наук, доцент, гл. науч. сотр. НИЛ неврологии и нейрореабилитации, проф. кафедры неврологии с клиникой; профессор кафедры медицинской микробиологии и клинической лабораторной диагностики</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sergey V. Vorobev, MD, Chief researcher laboratory of neurology and neurorehabilitation, Professor Department of Neurology with clinic; Professor of the Department of Medical Microbiology and Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics</p><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sergiognezdo@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Первый Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет имени академика И. П. Павлова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Academician I. P. Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University” of the Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр имени В. А. Алмазова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации; Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Санкт-Петербургский государственный педиатрический медицинский университет» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal State Budgetary Institution “V. A. Almazov National Medical Research Centre” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation; Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Saint Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>26</day><month>07</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>6</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>174</fpage><lpage>183</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Степанова С.А., Воробьев С.В., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Степанова С.А., Воробьев С.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Stepanova S.A., Vorobev S.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://persmed.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/466">https://persmed.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/466</self-uri><abstract><p>Позитронно-эмиссионная томография входит в число наиболее эффективных методов современной функциональной нейровизуализации. Одной из важнейших составляющих в диагностике нейродегенеративных заболеваний является раннее выявление когнитивных нарушений. При этом наиболее сложной задачей остается верификация додементных форм расстройств высших мозговых функций. Патогенетическую основу формирования деменции составляют изменение церебрального метаболизма глюкозы, накопление бета-амилоида и тау-белка, а также нейровоспаление. Это обусловливает необходимость использования методов прижизненной оценки данных процессов. Среди подобных средств выделяют ПЭТ с [18F]-фтордезоксиглюкозой, позволяющую выявлять характерные паттерны гипометаболизма при болезни Альцгеймера, а также ПЭТ со специфическими лигандами к бета-амилоиду и тау-протеину. Перспективными являются разработки лигандов к TSPO, NMDA-рецепторам и холинергическим рецепторам. Использование ПЭТ продемонстрировало свою эффективность при диагностике когнитивных нарушений, в особенности в рамках ранней и дифференциальной диагностики болезни Альцгеймера и других нейродегенеративных заболеваний. Цель ‒ оценить диагностическую значимость ПЭТ-исследований с [18F]-фтордезоксиглюкозой, с лигандами к бета-амилоиду и тау-протеину, с лигандами к TSPO, NMDA-рецепторам и другим молекулярным мишеням для ранней и дифференциальной диагностики нейродегенеративных заболеваний. В настоящем обзоре представлены современные данные отечественной и зарубежной литературы о клиническом применении ПЭТ при когнитивных нарушениях. Для подготовки обзора был проведен поиск в базах данных Pubmed, Scopus и РИНЦ за период с 2010 по 2026 гг. по запросу, охватывающему применение ПЭТ-биомаркеров при нейродегенеративных заболеваниях. Отбор источников производился на основе их релевантности теме, методологической обоснованности и актуальности полученных данных. Для анализа данных использованы методы сравнительного анализа, синтеза и обобщения информации.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Positron emission tomography is among the most effective methods of modern functional neuroimaging. Early detection of cognitive impairment is one of the most important components in the diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases. At the same time, the most challenging task remains the verification of pre-dementia forms of higher cerebral dysfunction. The pathogenetic basis of dementia involves alterations in cerebral glucose metabolism, accumulation of beta-amyloid and tau protein, as well as neuroinflammation. This necessitates the use of methods for in vivo assessment of these processes. Among such tools, 18F-FDG PET stands out, allowing the identification of characteristic hypometabolism patterns in Alzheimer’s disease, as well as PET with specific ligands for beta-amyloid and tau protein. The development of ligands targeting TSPO, NMDA receptors, and cholinergic receptors is a promising direction. The use of PET has demonstrated its effectiveness in the diagnosis of cognitive impairment, particularly in the early and differential diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease and other neurodegenerative disorders. Objective ‒ to assess the diagnostic utility of positron emission tomography (PET) with [18F]-fluorodeoxyglucose, amyloid- and tau-targeting ligands, as well as ligands targeting TSPO, NMDA receptors, and other molecular targets in the early and differential diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases. This review synthesizes current evidence from the Russian and international literature regarding the clinical application of PET in cognitive impairment. A systematic search was performed in the PubMed, Scopus, and RSCI (Russian Science Citation Index) databases covering the period from 2010 to 2026, using search terms related to PET biomarkers in neurodegenerative disorders. Articles were selected based on their relevance to the topic, methodological rigor, and the currency of reported findings. Data were analyzed using methods of comparative analysis, synthesis, and data aggregation.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>бета-амилоид</kwd><kwd>болезнь Альцгеймера</kwd><kwd>гипометаболизм глюкозы</kwd><kwd>когнитивные нарушения</kwd><kwd>нейродегенерация</kwd><kwd>позитронно-эмиссионная томография</kwd><kwd>[18F]-фтордезоксиглюкоза</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Alzheimer’s disease</kwd><kwd>beta-amyloid</kwd><kwd>cognitive impairment</kwd><kwd>glucose hypometabolism</kwd><kwd>neurodegeneration</kwd><kwd>positron emission tomography</kwd><kwd>18F-fluorodeoxyglucose</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Лобзин В. Ю., Емелин А. Ю., Одинак М. М. и др. 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