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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">persmed</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Российский журнал персонализированной медицины</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian Journal for Personalized Medicine</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2782-3806</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2782-3814</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ФОНД АЛМАЗОВА</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18705/2782-3806-2022-2-4-77-90</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">persmed-71</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWERS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Особенности новой классификации опухолей центральной нервной системы ВОЗ 2021: взгляд клинициста</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Major features of the 2021 WHO Classification of Tumors of the Central Nervous System: clinician’s view</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Диникина</surname><given-names>Ю. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dinikina</surname><given-names>Y. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Диникина Юлия Валерьевна, кандидат медицинских наук, заведующий отделением химиотерапии онкогематологических заболеваний и трансплантации костного мозга для детей ФГБУ «НМИЦ им. В. А. Алмазова» Минздрава России; заведующий НИЛ детской нейроиммуноонкологии НЦМУ «Центр персонализированной медицины»</p><p>ул. Аккуратова, д. 2, Санкт-Петербург, 197341</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dinikina Yulia V., PhD, Head Department of pediatric oncohematology and BMT of Almazov National Medical Research Center; Head of the Laboratory of Pediatric Neuro-Immuno-Oncology of the Pesonalized Medicine Centre, Almazov National Medical Research Centrе</p><p>Akkuratova str., 2, Saint Petersburg, 197341</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dinikina_yuv@almazovcentre.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Белогурова</surname><given-names>М. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Belogurova</surname><given-names>M. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Белогурова Маргарита Борисовна, доктор медицинских наук, профессор, ведущий научный сотрудник Института гематологии</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Belogurova Margarita B., Dr. of Sci. (Med.), Professor, Leading Scientific Collaborator of Research Institute of Oncology and Hematology</p><p>Saint Petersburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр имени В. А. Алмазова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Saint Petersburg</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>16</day><month>09</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>2</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>77</fpage><lpage>90</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Диникина Ю.В., Белогурова М.Б., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Диникина Ю.В., Белогурова М.Б.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Dinikina Y.V., Belogurova M.B.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://persmed.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/71">https://persmed.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/71</self-uri><abstract><p>Успехи в понимании молекулярно-биологических особенностей опухолей центральной нервной системы (ЦНС) явились стимулом к созданию и внедрению в рутинную клиническую практику новой классификации опухолей головного и спинного мозга Всемирной организации здравоохранения (ВОЗ) в 2021 году. На сегодняшний день точная верификация диагноза подразумевает не только определение гистологического варианта опухоли, но и ее молекулярно-генетических характеристик. Различия в генетических чертах опухоли даже в рамках одного гистологического типа будут предопределять различия в прогнозе заболевания, а соответственно, и в тактике противоопухолевой терапии. Внесенные изменения обусловливают необходимость проведения комплексной диагностики опухолей ЦНС, тем самым возлагая ответственность за формулировку окончательного диагноза не только на врачей-патоморфологов. Принципиально новые подходы к классификации позволяют персонифицировать противоопухолевое лечение, в том числе путем включения методов таргетной и иммунотерапии, что в настоящий момент представляется ключевым аспектом улучшения выживаемости данной категории больных.</p><p> </p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Advances in the understanding of the molecular biology of central nervous system (CNS) tumors have prompted a new WHO classification of brain and spinal cord tumors in 2021 and integration it in routine clinical practice. Nowadays accurate diagnosis verification consists not only of the histological tumor type, but also includes its molecular-genetic characteristics. Differences in the genetic features of a tumor, even within the same histological type, will determine differences in the prognosis of the disease, and in the tactics of anticancer therapy. The introduced changes necessitate a comprehensive diagnosis of CNS tumors, thereby placing the responsibility for formulating the final diagnosis not only on pathologists. New approaches to classification make it possible to personalize anticancer treatment, as well as including new methods of targeted and immunotherapy, which today seems to be a key aspect of improving the survival of this category of patients.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ВОЗ</kwd><kwd>дети</kwd><kwd>детская онкология</kwd><kwd>классификация</kwd><kwd>молекулярная генетика</kwd><kwd>опухоли ЦНС</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>children</kwd><kwd>classification</kwd><kwd>CNS tumors</kwd><kwd>molecular genetics</kwd><kwd>pediatric oncology</kwd><kwd>WHO</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена при финансовой поддержке Министерства науки и высшего образования Российской Федерации (соглашение № 075-15-2022-301 от  20.04.2022)</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ostrom QT, Gittleman H, Liao P, VecchioneKoval T, Wolinsky Y, Kruchko C, Barnholtz-Sloan JS. 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