Генетика и эпигенетика гестационного сахарного диабета

Гестационный сахарный диабет (ГСД) является одним из самых частых осложнений беременности. Его распространенность ежегодно увеличивается вместе с ростом ожирения, малоподвижного образа жизни, неправильного питания, а также ростом количества беременностей, наступивших в более позднем возрасте. Известно, что ГСД сопровождается множественными осложнениями для матери и для ребенка. Исследования в области генетики и эпигенетики позволили по-новому взглянуть на патофизиологию ГСД, это открывает возможность для разработки новых стратегий для повышения эффективности диагностики, профилактики и лечения ГСД и его осложнений.

Данный обзор описывает роль генетических и эпигенетических факторов в развитии ГСД и его осложнений. В обзоре также обсуждаются вопросы сходства генетических изменений, лежащих в основе сахарного диабета 2 типа (СД2) и ГСД, которые указывают на многофакторный патогенез ГСД.

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